|
| |
|
Links
to Tech.
Libraries
>>
|
 |
 |
 |
Media
/ Material Compatibility Guide
|
Recommended
Material Selection of Lake's Flow Meters with Common Fluids and Gases
The chart below is a guide to the internal components of Lake's
flow meters. It does not cover the non-wetted parts of the monitor. The
information in this chart is based upon careful examination of available
published information and are believed to be accurate. However, since the
resistance of metals, plastics and elastomers can be effected by
concentration, temperature and other factors, this information should be
considered as a general guide rather than an unqualified guarantee.
Ultimately, the customer must decide the suitability of materials with his
or her own system.
Important: Use of aluminum materials of construction with water voids
Lake product warranty.
Legend:
A No effect - order standard flow meter
B No effect - specify EPR seals
C No effect - specify Viton®/Teflon®
seals
D No effect - specify Buna-N seals
E Minor effect - flow meter life will be
limited
N Not recommended
|
Fluid
|
Aluminum
|
Brass
|
Stainless
Steel
|
Polysulphone
|
|
Acetic Acid
|
N
|
N
|
E
|
A
|
|
Acetone
|
B
|
B
|
B
|
N
|
|
Alcohol, Ethyl
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
E
|
|
Alcohol, Isobutyl
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
—
|
|
Alcohol, Isopropyl
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
—
|
|
Alcohol, Methyl
|
N
|
N
|
B
|
A
to 70°F
|
|
Alcohol, Propyl
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
—
|
|
Ammonia, Liquid
|
N
|
N
|
B
|
A
|
|
Anti-Freeze
|
A
|
E
|
A
|
A
|
|
Beer
|
B
|
E
|
A
|
—
|
|
Benzene
|
N
|
C
|
A
|
N
|
|
Bleach
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Boric Acid
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Carbon Dioxide
|
N
|
N
|
D
|
—
|
|
Carbon Monoxide
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
—
|
|
Chlorine Water
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
|
Diesel Fuel
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Ethylene Glycol
|
A
|
E
|
A
|
A
|
|
Freon 12
|
E
|
E
|
E
- Buna seals
|
—
|
|
Freon 22
|
N
|
A-Neoprene
seals
|
A-Neoprene
seals
|
—
|
|
Fruit Juice
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
—
|
|
Fuel Oils
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Gasoline
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Glycerin
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Hexane
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Hydraulic Oil (Petroleum Based)
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Hydraulic Oil (Synthetic Based)
|
C
|
C
|
A
|
—
|
|
Hydrochloric Acid
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
|
Hydrogen
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
A
|
|
Hydrogen Peroxide
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Jet Fuel
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Kerosene
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
E
|
|
Ketones
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
N
|
|
Lacquer Thinner
|
B
|
B
|
B
|
—
|
|
Methanol
|
N
|
N
|
B
|
A
to 70°F
|
|
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
|
B
|
N
|
B
|
N
|
|
Nitric Acid 10-50%
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
N
|
|
Nitric Acid 51-100%
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
|
Nitrogen
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oil, Caster
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
—
|
|
Oil, Diesel
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oil, Fuel
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oil, Hydraulic
(See Hydraulic Oil)
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Oil, Motor
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oil, Palm
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oil, Silicone
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
—
|
|
Oil, Turbine
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Oxygen
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Pentane
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
—
|
|
Propylene Glycol
|
E
|
N
|
E
|
N
|
|
Sea Water
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Silicone
|
E
|
N
|
E
|
—
|
|
Toluene
|
A-Kalrez
Seals
|
A-Kalrez
Seals
|
A-Kalrez
Seals
|
N
|
|
Water, Deionized
|
N
|
N
|
E
|
A
|
|
Water, Distilled
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Water, Fresh
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Water Glycol
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
|
Water, Salt
|
N
|
N
|
A
|
A
|
|
Equations
and Conversions
Flow
Monitoring Equations And Conversions
|
|
Most
systems are engineered to operate at fluid velocities lower than 15
feet/second or 4.5 meters/second. This fact, along with the following set
of equations, can assist with the correct selection of a flow monitor's
measuring range. Also, keep in mind that the most accurate part of a Lake
flow meter's measuring range is within the center third of the full range.
(i.e. If the nominal flow rate in a system is 10 GPM, do not purchase a
flow monitor that has a full-scale flow rate of 10 GPM – order the next
higher full scale range.)
|
Known:
Pipe I.D. (inches),
Fluid Velocity (feet/second)
Unknowns: Liquid Flow Rate (GPM)
Flow Rate (GPM) = 2.447994 x (pipe I.D.)2
x Fluid Velocity
|
|
Known:
Pipe I.D. (mm),
Fluid Velocity (meters/second)
Unknowns: Liquid Flow Rate (LPM)
Flow Rate (LPM) = 0.0471189 x (pipe I.D.)2
x Fluid Velocity
|
|
Known:
Liquid Flow Rate
(GPM), Pipe I.D. (inches)
Unknowns: Fluid Velocity (feet/second)
Fluid Velocity (ft./sec.) = (0.408498 x Flow
Rate/(pipe I.D.)2
|
|
Known:
Liquid Flow Rate (LPM),
Pipe I.D. (mm)
Unknowns: Fluid Velocity (meter/second)
Fluid Velocity (m./sec.) = (21.22291 x Flow
Rate/(Pipe I.D.)2
|
|
Known:
Pressure (PSIG),
Flow Rate (GPM)
Unknowns: Hydraulic Horsepower Development
Hydraulic Horse Power = (Pressure x Flow
Rate)/1714
|
|
Known:
RPM, Pump
Displacement (Cubic Inches/Revolution)
Unknowns: Flow Rate (GPM)
Flow Rate (GPM) = (RPM x Pump
Displacement)/231
|
|
Flow
Rate Related Formulas
|
|
Volume
and Capacity Equivalents
|
|
Units
|
Cubic
Inches
|
Cubic
Feet
|
Cubic
Meters
|
Liters
|
U.S.
Gallons
|
Imperial
Gallons
|
|
Cubic
Inches
|
1
|
0.0005787
|
0.00001638
|
0.016384
|
0.004329
|
0.003607
|
|
Cubic
Feet
|
1728
|
1
|
0.028317
|
28.317
|
7.48052
|
6.23210
|
|
Cubic
Meters
|
61,023.4
|
35.3145
|
1
|
1000
|
264.17
|
220.083
|
|
Liters
|
61.0234
|
0.0353145
|
0.001
|
1
|
0.264170
|
0.220083
|
|
U.S.
Gallons
|
231
|
0.133681
|
0.003875
|
3.78543
|
1
|
0.833111
|
|
Imperial
Gallons
|
277.274
|
0.160459
|
0.0045437
|
4.54374
|
1.20032
|
1
|
|
Pounds
of Water
|
27.6798
|
0.016018
|
0.00045359
|
0.453592
|
0.119825
|
0.099828
|
Example of How To Use This Chart:
|
Question:
|
Determine
the number of U.S. Gallons in a cubic meter.
|
|
Answer:
|
Using
the column labeled U.S. Gallons and the row labeled Cubic meters,
the conversion is 264.2 gallons/cubic meter
|
|
Pressure
and Head Equivalents
|
|
Units
|
psi
|
Ft of Water
|
Atmospheres
|
kg/Cm2
|
Bar
|
kPa
|
|
psi
|
1
|
2.3039
|
0.06805
|
0.07031
|
0.06895
|
6.89465
|
|
Feet
of Water
|
0.4331
|
1
|
0.02947
|
0.03045
|
0.029926
|
2.99267
|
|
Atmospheres
|
14.696
|
33.931
|
1
|
1.0332
|
1.01319
|
101.319
|
|
kg/Cm2
|
14.2234
|
32.840
|
0.96784
|
1
|
0.98062
|
98.062
|
|
Bar
|
14.5038
|
33.4153
|
0.9869
|
1.01976
|
1
|
100
|
|
kPa
|
0.14504
|
0.33415
|
0.00987
|
0.010198
|
0.01
|
1
|
Example of How To Use This Chart:
|
Question:
|
Determine
the psi equivalent to 10 bar of pressure.
|
|
Answer:
|
Using
the column labeled psi and the row labeled bar, the conversion
factor is 14.5038 psi/bar. The equivalent pressure to 10 bar would
equal 10 x 14.5038 = 145.033 psi
|
|
Scales and Increment Specifications for Liquid
Meters
|
|
Series
2 Liquid Meters (1/8" to 1/4" pipe)
Scale Length: 1-3/8" (35 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
GPM
|
Major
Increment
GPM
|
Minor
Increment
GPM
|
Flow
Range
LPM
|
Major
Increment
LPM
|
Minor
Increment
LPM
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-01
|
0.05-1
|
0.1
|
0.05
|
0.25-4
|
1.0
|
0.25
|
20:1
|
|
-02
|
0.2-2
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
0.75-8
|
1.0
|
0.25
|
10:1
|
|
Series
3 Liquid Meters (1/4" to 1/2" pipe)
Scale Length: 1-3/4 " (45 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
GPM
|
Major
Increment
GPM
|
Minor
Increment
GPM
|
Flow
Range
LPM
|
Major
Increment
LPM
|
Minor
Increment
LPM
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-01
|
0.05-1
|
0.1
|
0.05
|
0.25-4
|
0.5
|
0.25
|
20:1
|
|
-02
|
0.2-2
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
1-8
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
10:1
|
|
-05
|
0.5-5
|
1.0
|
0.25
|
2-19
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
10:1
|
|
-10
|
1-10
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
4-38
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10:1
|
|
-15
|
1-15
|
3.0
|
1.0
|
4-56
|
10.0
|
2.0
|
15:1
|
|
Series
4 Liquid Meters (3/4" to 1" pipe)
Scale Length: 2 " (50 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
GPM
|
Major
Increment
GPM
|
Minor
Increment
GPM
|
Flow
Range
LPM
|
Major
Increment
LPM
|
Minor
Increment
LPM
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-02
|
0.25-3
|
1.0
|
0.2
|
1.5-11
|
2.0
|
0.25
|
12:1
|
|
-05
|
0.5-5
|
1.0
|
0.25
|
3-19
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
10:1
|
|
-10
|
1-10
|
1.0
|
0.25
|
4-38
|
4.0
|
2.0
|
10:1
|
|
-15
|
1-15
|
3.0
|
1.0
|
4-56
|
10.0
|
2.0
|
15:1
|
|
-20
|
2-20
|
4.0
|
1.0
|
10-75
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-25
|
2-25
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-30
|
3-30
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10-115
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-40
|
4-40
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
15-150
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-50
|
4-50
|
10.0
|
2.0
|
15-190
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
12.5:1
|
|
Series
5 Liquid Meters (1 1/4" to 2" pipe)
Scale Length: 3 " (75 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
GPM
|
Major
Increment
GPM
|
Minor
Increment
GPM
|
Flow
Range
LPM
|
Major
Increment LPM
|
Minor
Increment LPM
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-25
|
2-25
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-50
|
5-50
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
20-190
|
20.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-75
|
6-75
|
15.0
|
3.0
|
30-280
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
12.5:1
|
|
-88
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
50-375
|
50.0
|
25.0
|
10:1
|
|
-99
|
20-150
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10-550
|
50.0
|
25.0
|
7.5:1
|
Scales and
Increment Specifications for Gas Meters
|
Series
2 Gas Meters (1/8" to 1/4" pipe)
Scale Length: 1-3/8" (35 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
SCFM
|
Major
Increment
SCFM
|
Minor
Increment
SCFM
|
Flow
Range
SLPS
(see note 1)
|
Major
Increment
SLPS
|
Minor
Increment
SLPS
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-01
|
0.5-9
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
0.25-4.25
|
0.25
|
1.0
|
18:1
|
|
-02
|
3-23
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
1.5-10
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
7.66:1
|
|
Series
3 Gas Meters (1/4" to 1/2" pipe)
Scale Length: 1-3/4 " (45 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
SCFM
|
Major
Increment
SCFM
|
Minor
Increment
SCFM
|
Flow
Range
SLPS
(see note 1)
|
Major
Increment
SLPS
|
Minor
Increment
SLPS
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-01
|
1.5-12
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
0.5-5.5
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
8:1
|
|
-02
|
4-23
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
2-10
|
2.0
|
0.5
|
5.75:1
|
|
-05
|
5-50
|
5.0
|
2.5
|
2.5-25
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10:1
|
|
-10
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
5-45
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-15
|
15-150
|
25
|
5
|
10-70
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
15:1
|
|
Series
4 Gas Meters (3/4" to 1" pipe)
Scale Length: 2 " (50 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
SCFM
|
Major
Increment
SCFM
|
Minor
Increment
SCFM
|
Flow
Range
SLPS
(see note 1)
|
Major
Increment
SLPS
|
Minor
Increment
SLPS
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-02
|
2-3
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
1-14
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
15:1
|
|
-05
|
6-60
|
10.0
|
2.0
|
2.5-25
|
5.0
|
2.5
|
10:1
|
|
-10
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
4-38
|
5.0
|
1.0
|
10:1
|
|
-15
|
15-150
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
8-56
|
10.0
|
2.0
|
10:1
|
|
-20
|
20-215
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
10-100
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
10:1
|
|
-25
|
20-250
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
10-120
|
10.0
|
5.0
|
12.5:1
|
|
-30
|
30-330
|
40.0
|
10.0
|
15-140
|
20.0
|
5.0
|
11:1
|
|
-40
|
30-400
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
15-190
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
13:1
|
|
-50
|
40-500
|
100.0
|
20.0
|
50-240
|
25.0
|
5.0
|
12.5:1
|
|
Series
5 Gas Meters (1 1/4" to 2" pipe)
Scale Length: 3 " (75 mm)
|
|
Dash
Number
|
Flow
Range
SCFM
|
Major
Increment
SCFM
|
Minor
Increment
SCFM
|
Flow
Range
SLPS
(see note 1)
|
Major
Increment
SLPS
|
Minor
Increment
SLPS
|
Turndown
Ratio
|
|
-25
|
20-250
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
10-120
|
20.0
|
10.0
|
12.5:1
|
|
-50
|
30-470
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
15-220
|
20.0
|
5.0
|
15:1
|
|
-75
|
30-750
|
150.0
|
30.0
|
20-350
|
50.0
|
10.0
|
25:1
|
|
-88
|
150-900
|
100.0
|
50.0
|
75-425
|
50.0
|
25.0
|
6:1
|
|
-99
|
150-1300
|
200.0
|
50.0
|
70-600
|
100.0
|
10.0
|
8.5:1
|
|
|
